Race and Ethnicity

Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948

Article 1 states that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights." Article 2 provides that no one shall be discriminated against in the enjoyment of the rights laid down in the Declaration on the grounds of "race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status." Article 7 provides that "All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966

This treaty is part of the international bill of human rights and guarantees a range of civil and political rights including the freedom of expression, the right to a fair trial, the freedom of belief and the right to privacy. Article 2 provides that the rights enshrined in the Covenant shall be available to all persons without distinction on the grounds of "race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status". Article 26 of the Covenant guarantees a general right to equality and non-discrimination.

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