The Optional Protocol sets up a mechanism by which individuals can file complaints with the Human Rights Committee against states (which have ratified the optional protocol) for non-compliance with the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Notably, the mechanism is available to all "individuals subject to the jurisdiction" of the State party rather than only citizens. It was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.

This declaration guarantees that disabled persons are entitled to respect for their dignity and that they have civil and political rights as well as rights to economic and social security. Discriminating against disabled people on grounds or situations that apply to them or their families is prohibited. It was adopted by General Assembly resolution 3447 (XXX) of 9 December 1975.

Article 1 of this Convention defines discrimination in education to include acts or omissions that have the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing equality of treatment in education, in particular, (a) the effect of depriving any person or group of persons of access to education of any type or at any level; (b) of limiting any person or group of persons to education of an inferior standard; (c) subject to the provisions of article 2 of this Convention, of establishing or maintaining separate educational systems or institutions for persons or groups of persons; or (d) of inflicting on

This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision Koptova v. Slovakia (Communication No 13/1998: Slovakia. 01/11/2000CERD/C/57/D/13/1998).

This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Velikova v. Bulgaria (Application No. 41488/98).

This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case Osman v. Bulgaria (Application No. 43233/98).

This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Ivanov and Others v. Bulgaria (Application No. 46336/99).

This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case D.H. and others v. Czech Republic (Application No. 57325/00) (Chamber decision).

This Green Paper on "Equality and non-discrimination in an enlarged EU", adopted by the European Commission on 26 May, outlines the steps that the EU has already taken to ban discrimination in employment and beyond. It identifies areas where further action is required to ensure that people across the enlarged EU can benefit from these new rights, as well as a range of practical measures that could support the efforts of national authorities, civil society and other stakeholders.

This protocol amends provisions of the European Social Charter relating to monitoring state compliance with the Charter.