This document outlines legislation in England that prohibits gender, race, disability and age discrimination in access to healthcare.

We are grateful to Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP for preparing this document on a pro bono basis. Their contribution is extremely relevant to disseminating information on equality and anti-discrimination laws.

This is the full text, in French only, of the Labor Code, enacted by Senegal. It was adopted on and has been in force since 1 December 1997.

This is the full text of the Constitution enacted by Senegal. It was adopted on 22 January 2001.

This is the full text, in French only, of Law No. 90-11 on Business Contacts enacted by Algeria. It was adopted on 21 April 1990 and has been in effect since that date.

This is the article Advancing EU Anti-Discrimination Law: the European Commission's 2008 Proposal for a New Directive which was published in volume three of The Equal Rights Review.

This is the full text (in Romanian only) of Law 272 of 21 June 2004 for the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Children enacted by the Parliament. It was adopted on 23 June 2004 and it has been in force since 1 January 2005, except the provision of Art. 17 (2), Art 19(3), Art 84, (2), Art 104 (2), Art. 105 (5), Art. 107 (2) and Art. 117, which entered into force on 26 June 2004.

This directive prohibits employment discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Article 2 prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination and defines harassment as amounting to discrimination. Articles 4-6 provide for exceptions to the principle of equal treatment. Other key provisions of the directive include shifting of the burden of proof and the prohibition of victimisation.

The Comment discusses the procedure by which States Parties may express reservations to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Reservations made by States Parties that are discriminatory will not be accepted. States cannot reserve the right to practice slavery, torture, the execution of pregnant women and children, or the advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred; nor may they reserve the right to restrict the rights of minorities to maintain their culture or to restrict freedom of religion.

The Comment discusses the responsibility of States Parties' to ensure protection and enforcement of rights and freedoms guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights for all people in their territory, regardless of citizenship. These rights and freedoms include protection from discrimination. The obligation to respect and ensure the rights that are guaranteed by the Covenant should take effect immediately.

This study is divided into three parts. Part I deals with age and the framework equality directive, Part II discusses direct and indirect discrimination and Part III addresses limitation and derogations.