Regional Instruments

Council Directive 2000/78/EC (Framework Equality Directive)

This directive prohibits employment discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Article 2 prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination and defines harassment as amounting to discrimination. Articles 4-6 provide for exceptions to the principle of equal treatment. Other key provisions of the directive include shifting of the burden of proof and the prohibition of victimisation.

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundemental Freedoms

Articles 1 - 18 cover substantive rights, including the right to life, the right not to be tortured and right to freedom of expression. In addition, there are also protocols to the Convention that guarantee other substantive rights, such as the right to property (Article 1 of Protocol 1), and prohibit the collective expulsion of aliens (Article 4 of Protocol 4). Article 14 of the Convention provides that no one shall be discriminated against in their enjoyment of the rights provided under the Convention.

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