Regional Instruments

EU - Council Directive 92/85/EEC(Pregnancy and breastfeeding)

Under Article 4 of this directive, employers are expected to carry out an assessment of the nature, degree and duration of exposure to agents, processes or working conditions in activities where there is a risk of exposure to them. The European Commission is charged with drawing up guidelines for the assessment in consultation with the member states. Under Article 6, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should not be obliged to perform work which risks exposure to agents listed in Annex II, Section A and Annex II, Section B respectively of the Directive.

ECRI General Policy Recommendation n° 5: Combating Intolerance and Discrimination against Muslims

This recommendation calls on member states to adopt legislation and policies to combat discrimination against Muslims in employment, education, access to citizenship and worship. It specifically recommends that "curricula in schools and higher education... not base their portrayal of Islam on perceptions of hostility and menace."

EU COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation

This directive prohibits employment discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Article 2 prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination and defines harassment as amounting to discrimination. Articles 4-6 provide for exceptions to the principle of equal treatment. Other key provisions of the directive include shifting of the burden of proof and the prohibition of victimisation.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS Recommendation Rec(2001)6 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the prevention of racism, xenophobia and racial intolerance in sport

This recommendation calls upon states to combat racism in sport through legislation, education and institutional measures.

ECRI General Policy Recommendation n°8 on Combating Racism while Fighting Terrorism

This recommendation calls on member states to ensure that anti-terrorism measures are adopted and implemented in a manner that is non-discriminatory. In particular, it proposes that the "right not to be subject to racial discrimination" should be "among the rights from which no derogation may be made even in time of emergency."

ECRI General Policy Recommendation n°2: Specialised Bodies to Combat Racism, Xenophobia, Antisemitism and Intolerance at National Level

This recommendation calls on states to establish specialised bodies to combat racism and related forms of prejudice. The appendix to the Recommendation has sections on the terms of reference, functions and style of operation of these bodies.

ECRI General Policy Recommendation n° 3: Combating Racism and Intolerance against Roma/Gypsies

This recommendation calls on member states to effectively deal with racism against the Romani minority through legislative and policy measures. These include measures directed towards combating the prejudices of public service and media personnel. The Recommendation stresses the importance of the participation of Romani individuals in decision-making.

ECRI General Policy Recommendation n°4: National Surveys on the Experience and Perception of Discrimination and Racism from the point of view of Potential Victims

This recommendation calls on governments to undertake national surveys on how people belonging to marginalised communities perceive discrimination in their lives so as to gain an understanding of the problems of racism and intolerance from the perspective of the people affected by it.

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