Articles and Commentary

Transgender Inclusion in State Non-discrimination Policies: The Democratic Deficit and Political Powerlessness

Abstract from the article: Transgender people—people whose gender identity or expression is different from their assigned sex at birth—and their allies advocate for the inclusion of gender identity or transgender in state non-discrimination policies. These policies generally proscribe discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations.

Case summary - Montoya v France

On 23 January 2014, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in the case of Montoya v France, found that the provision of a supplementary monetary award to Arab and Berber former auxiliary fighters during the Algerian war, but not those of European origin, was not a violation of the right to non-discrimination under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (the Convention) as the differential treatment of the particular group could be justified.

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