This directive prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sex, particularly with reference to marital or family status in employment, including access to employment, promotion, vocational training and working conditions. The Directive does not apply to occupational activities (including training for these activities) where "by reason of their nature or the context in which they are carried out, the sex of the worker constitutes a determining factor" (Article 2(2)). It is also without prejudice to steps intended to protect women's rights during pregnancy and maternity (Article 2(3)). Article 2(4) lays down that the Directive will not affect measures taken to promote equal opportunity, by removing barriers that affect women's employment opportunities.