International and Regional Standards
List of files matching your search
Date
2nd May 2008
Summary
This is the report of The Equal Rights Trust conference "Principles on Equality and the Development of Legal Standards on Equality".
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
27th Jan 1994
Summary
This is a case summary of the Belgian Court of Arbitration's decision in the case of A. Asztalos v. L’Office national des pensions.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
8th Sept 2005
Summary
This is a case summary of the decision of the Federal Magistartes Court of Australia in the case of AB v New South Wales.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
5th May 1988
Summary
This protocol includes provisions that address the needs of specific groups of people. Article 1 requires state parties to recognize the principle of equal treatment and equal opportunities in the field of employment without discrimination on the ground of sex. Article 4 provides for the right of elderly people to social protection, including the "provision of information about services and facilities available for elderly persons and their opportunities to make use of them" (Art.4(1(b)).
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Date
9th Nov 1995
Summary
This protocol provides for a collective complaint mechanism under which certain kinds of organizations specified in Article 1 or national organizations specified in Article 2 of this additional protocol can file complaints against state parties to the protocol for non-compliance with the provisions of the Charter. It may be noted that unlike the European Court of Human Rights, individuals cannot file complaints. The Committee of Independent Experts, who is responsible for examining each complaint and deciding on its merits, considers the complaints.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
27th Jun 1981
Summary
Text of the African Charter On Human And Peoples Rights
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
16th Feb 2010
Summary
This document outlines Brazilian and regional jurisprudence on racial discrimination in employment.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Brazil
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Exceptions
Date
15th Sept 1994
Summary
Text of the Arab Charter on Human Rights
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
3rd Jul 1973
Summary
This is the full text of the Federal Constitutional Act, enacted by Austria.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
19th Aug 2005
Summary
This is a case summary of the Federal Court of Australia's decision in the case of Baird v Queensland.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
19th May 2004
Summary
This is the full text (in French only) of the Decree relative to the application of the principle of equal treatment (Décret relatif à la mise en oeuvre du principe de l'égalité de traitement), enacted by the French Community of Belgium. It was adopted on 19 May 2004 and has been in force since 17 June 2004.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Date
1st Oct 2005
Summary
This paper was published by ILGA-Europe to help identify which provisions of the Refugee Status Directive (Directive 2004/83/EC) are relevant to third-country LGBT nationals seeking asylum in the European Union. The paper first provides background and key points of the Directive, defining the terms “refugee” and “subsidiary protection,” and identifies the rights that people under these statuses are entitled to. Furthermore, the paper examines the application review process, discussing the sources of persecution and the evidence provided, and addresses the question of how to determine refugee and subsidiary protection statuses. Finally, the paper provides guidelines on how to successfully implement the Directive at the national level.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
10th Aug 2010
Summary
This is the article "The New Single Equality Act in Britain", authored by Bob Hepple, published in Volume 5 of The Equal Rights Review.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Reasonable Accommodation
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Date
16th Feb 2010
Summary
This document outlines (i) Brazilian anti-discrimination and equality laws with a focus on racial discrimination in employment, and (ii) the international and regional multilateral treaties and documents that were ratified by Brazil containing provisions that aim to protect the rights to equality and anti-discrimination, including in connection with employment.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Brazil
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
5th May 2009
Summary
Under Article 2 of this convention, member states are required to "ensure the application to all workers of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value."
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
1st Jan 1970
Summary
Article 1(1) defines discrimination to include "(a) any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation; (b) such other distinction, exclusion or preference which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation as may be determined by the Member concerned after consultation with representative employers' and workers' organisations, where such exist, and with other appropriate bodies." Article 5 of the Convention lays down that special measures adopted to meet the specific requirements of individuals by reason of their "sex, age, disablement, family responsibilities or social or cultural status" shall not be deemed to be discrimination."
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
15th Jun 2000
Summary
Article 2(1) provides that this convention applies to all employed women, even those engaged in "atypical forms of dependent work." The Convention has specific provisions on health protection (Article 3), maternity leave (Article 4), leave due to illness or complications (Article 5) and breast feeding (Article 10). Under Article 8, it is unlawful for an employer to terminate the employment of a woman during pregnancy or during her absence on leave as specified under Article 5 or during a period upon her return to work, except on grounds unrelated to her pregnancy or childbirth or consequences following from it. It goes on to provide that the burden for proving that the reasons for termination are unrelated to pregnancy will rest with the employer. Subject to some conditions in Article 9(2), under Article 9(1), states are required to adopt measures to ensure that maternity does not lead to discrimination in employment and access to employment.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
28th Mar 2008
Summary
"Slums, the Right to Adequate Housing and the Ban on Discrimination", is an Equal Rights Review (vol.1) article, written by Claude Cahn.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovakia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Development and Equal Rights
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
17th Dec 2009
Summary
On 8 December 2009 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) held that Spain had violated Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination) of the European Convention on Human Rights in conjunction with Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the Convention (right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions). The case of Muñoz Díaz v Spain (Application no. 49151/07) was lodged with the ECHR on 29 October 2007 following a series of appeals in the Spanish Courts over the applicant’s entitlement to a survivor’s pension under the General Social Security Act.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
10th Dec 2002
Summary
This is the case summary of the French Court of Cassation decision in case No. 00-42.158.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
8th May 1999
Summary
This is the case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights decision of Communication 212/98, Amnesty International v. Zambia.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
8th May 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights decision in the case of Communication 227/99, Democratic Republic of Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Geographical Location / A-D / Burundi
Geographical Location / M - R / Rwanda
Geographical Location / S - U / Uganda
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Date
12th May 2000
Summary
This communication expresses the support of the European Commission "for a United Nations (UN) legally binding instrument to protect and promote the rights and dignity of persons with disability". It notes that respect for equality and non-discrimination should be a cornerstone of such an instrument and goes on to observe that the focus on equality is fully in line with the EU's rights-based approach to disability. The communication proposes that the Commission prepare a recommendation to the Council in order to authorize the Commission to negotiate in the context of forthcoming sessions of the UN AdHoc Committee and to conduct these negotiations on behalf of the European Community. The communication refers to the discussions within the United Nations on the adoption of such an instrument and provides an overview of the rights-based approach to disability, both within the EU framework and internationally.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Date
8th Nov 1999
Summary
This is the case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights decision of Communications 48/90, 50/91, 89/93, Amnesty International and Others v. Sudan.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Sudan
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
20th Aug 2009
Summary
This is the full text of the Constitution enacted by Senegal. It was adopted on 22 January 2001.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Senegal
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
20th Dec 1996
Summary
Corrigendum to Council Directive 96/97/EC of 20 December 1996 amending Directive 86/378/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in occupational social security schemes.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
27th Nov 2000
Summary
This directive prohibits employment discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Article 2 prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination and defines harassment as amounting to discrimination. Articles 4-6 provide for exceptions to the principle of equal treatment. Other key provisions of the directive include shifting of the burden of proof and the prohibition of victimisation. Article 15 acknowledges the particular situation obtaining in Northern Ireland and provides that steps taken to correct the imbalance in the number of teachers and police personnel from the underrepresented religious group will not constitute discrimination to the extent that it is expressly provided for in the national legislation.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
13th Dec 2004
Summary
This directive prohibits direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, sexual harassment and instructions to discriminate in the access to goods and services. Article 3(1) provides that the Directive is applicable to "persons who provide goods and services, which are available to the public irrespective of the person concerned as regards both the public and private sectors, including public bodies, and which are offered outside the area of private and family life and the transactions carried out in this context."
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
11th Dec 1986
Summary
This directive covers self-employed workers, including farmers and members of the liberal professions and their spouses who participate in the activities of the enterprise, by performing similar tasks or ancillary tasks. The Directive has several provisions to ensure equal treatment between self-employed male and female workers, to protect the rights of spouses of self-employed workers, where the spouses do not have professional status and to protect self-employed workers or wives of self-employed workers during pregnancy and motherhood.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
15th Dec 1997
Summary
This directive applies to civil or administrative procedures on sex discrimination, brought under the situations covered by Article 119 of the Treaty and by Directives 75/117/EEC, 76/207/EEC and in respect of sex discrimination cases brought pursuant to Directives 92/85/EEC and 96/34/EC. Article 4 of this directive requires that where the Plaintiff has shown an arguable case of discrimination, the burden of proof shifts to the defendant, who has to demonstrate that there has been no discrimination. This directive does not apply to criminal cases.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Date
13th Jul 1998
Summary
Article 1 of this directive provides that EU Directive 97/80/EC on shifting the burden of proof in sex discrimination cases "shall apply to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland."
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Date
18th Jul 2001
Summary
This recommendation calls upon states to combat racism in sport through legislation, education and institutional measures.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
1st Feb 1995
Summary
This convention lays down the rights of people belonging to national minority groups, including freedom of expression, association, religion, and linguistic and cultural rights. Article 4 guarantees persons belonging to national minorities the right to equality and requires State parties to adopt measures to promote "in all areas of economic, social, political and cultural life, full and effective equality between persons belonging to a national minority and those belonging to the majority." Article 6 calls upon State parties to promote social harmony through intercultural dialogue and also requires them to take necessary steps "to protect persons who may be subject to threats or acts of discrimination, hostility or violence as a result of their ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious identity."
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
17th Aug 2005
Summary
This is a case summary of the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia's decision in the case of Dare v Hurley.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
18th Dec 1992
Summary
This declaration requires states to protect the existence and identities of minorities. It also calls upon states to encourage the promotion of national or ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic identities. Under Article 2(1) of this declaration, minorities shall have the right to practice their religion, enjoy their culture and use their own language in both public and private settings without any kind of discrimination. Article 3 of this declaration guarantees persons belonging to minorities the right to exercise their rights individually and in community with others without discrimination. It was adopted by the General Assembly resolution 47/135 of 18 December 1992.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
23rd Sept 2002
Summary
This directive amends Council Directive 76/207/EEC, introducing definitions for direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and sexual harassment, all of which are prohibited. It also specifies that instructions to discriminate amount to discrimination under the Directive. The Directive provides that "a woman on maternity leave shall be entitled, after the end of her period of maternity leave, to return to her job or to an equivalent post on terms and conditions which are no less favourable to her and to benefit from any improvement in working conditions to which she would be entitled." It also introduces Article 8a into Council Directive 76/207/EEC, which calls for the setting up of a national level body in member countries which will be charged with "promotion, analysis, monitoring and support of equal treatment of all persons without discrimination on the grounds of sex."
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
9th Apr 2008
Summary
On Thursday 3 April 2008, Ecuador became the twentieth country to ratify the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This ratification means that the Convention along with its Optional Protocol, permitting individual communications to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, will enter into force on 3 May 2008.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
21st Jul 2008
Summary
On 17 July 2008, the European Court of Justice passed judgment in the case of Coleman v. Attridge Law and Steve Law (Case C-303/06). The judgment interprets the meaning of the prohibition of direct discrimination and harassment in employment and occupation on grounds of disability pursuant to Article 2(2)(a) and Article 2(3) of Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
15th Jul 2008
Summary
On 10 July 2008, the European Court of Justice handed down the judgment in the case of Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding v. Firma Feryn NY (Case C-54/07). The judgment interprets the meaning of direct discrimination based on Article 2 (2) (a) of Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 relating to the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
31st Dec 2008
Summary
This is the Editorial of the second issue of The Equal Rights Review.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
2nd Nov 2007
Summary
On 2nd November 2007 Amnesty International and The Equal Rights Trust called on the Slovenian government to withdraw the draft Constitutional Law, presented to parliament on 30 October, which is intended to resolve the status of the “erased” – people unlawfully removed from the registry of permanent residents in 1992.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovenia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
10th Jul 2008
Summary
This is the ERT Case Summary for the European Court of Justice case of Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding v. Firma Feryn NV (Case C- 54/07).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Sanctions
Date
13th Jun 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision of Anguelova v Bulgaria (Application no. 38361/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / NGOs Role
Date
26th Jul 1999
Summary
The is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of A. P. Johannes Vos v. The Netherlands, Communication No. 786/1997.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
14th Aug 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of A.S. v Hungary (Communication No. 4/2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Hungary
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
26th Jan 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of A.T. v Hungary (Communication No. 2/2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Hungary
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Positive Obligations / National Action Plans
Date
25th Jul 1990
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Aapo Järvinen v Finland, Communication No. 295/1988, UN Doc. CCPR/C/39/D/295/1988 (1990).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Finland
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
28th May 1985
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali v UK (Application nos. 9214/80; 9473/81; 9474/81).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Date
16th Apr 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of The European Court of Human Rights decision of Ahmad Najaati Sadic v Denmark, Communication No. 25/2002, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/62/D/25/2002.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Date
18th Feb 2009
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Andrejeva v. Latvia (Application no. 55707/00). The case was handed down by the Grand Chamber of the Court and found a violation of article 14 in conjunction with article 1 of Protocol No. 1.
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / Latvia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
26th Oct 1999
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decision of Angela Maria Sirdar v. The Army Board, Case C-273/97 [1999] ECR I-7403.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Date
22nd Dec 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of The European Court of Human Rights decision of Aziz v Cyprus (Application no. 69949/01).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Cyprus
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
15th Jul 1994
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Balaguer Santacana v. Spain, Communication No. 417/1990, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/51/D/417/1990 (1994).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
17th May 1990
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice decision in the case of Barber v. Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group, Case 262/88.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
10th Feb 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of The European Court of Human Rights decision of BB v UK (Application no. 53760/00).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
1st Jan 1970
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case, 'Belgium Linguistics' (Application no 1474/62; 1677/62; 1691/62; 1769/63; 1994/63; 2126/64)
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Date
24th Feb 1998
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of The European Court of Human Rights decision of Botta v Italy (Application no. 21439/93).
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / Italy
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Positive Action
Date
4th Apr 1988
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Carl Henrik Blom v. Sweden, Communication No. 191/1985, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/OP/2 at 216 (1990).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Sweden
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
14th Jul 1994
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from the House of Lords (UK), decision of Carole Louise Webb v EMO Air Cargo (UK) Ltd., Case C-32/93 [1994] QB 718.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
1st Apr 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Cecilia Derksen v. Netherlands, Communication No. 976/2001, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/80/D/976/2001 (2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Date
11th Jul 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summaary of the European Court of Justice decision in the case of Chacón Navas v. Eurest Colectividades SA, C-13/05.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Date
3rd Nov 1999
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Communication No. 694/1996: Canada. 05/11/99. CCPR/C/67/D/694/1996. (Jurisprudence).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Canada
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Date
25th Nov 1998
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Cornelis Hoofdman v The Netherlands, Communication No. 602/1994, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/64/D/602/1994.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Exceptions
Date
9th Aug 2007
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Cristina Munoz-Vargas y Sainz de Vicuna v Spain (Communication No. 7/2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
15th Jun 1978
Summary
This is the ERT case summary in the European Court of Justice decision in the case of Defrenne v Sabena (No.3), C-149/77.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Date
30th Apr 1999
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Dietmar Pauger v. Austria, Communication No. 716/1996, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/65/D/716/1996.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
6th Mar 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination of Dragan Durmic v Serbia and Montenegro, Communication No. 29/2003, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/68/D/29/2003 (2006).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Serbia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / NGOs Role
Date
22nd Jan 2008
Summary
ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in E.B. v. France (application no. 43546/02).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Statistics on discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
8th Nov 1990
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary questions from the Supreme Court of Netherlands, decision of Elisabeth Johanna Pacifica Dekker v Stichting Vormingscentrum voor Jong Volwassenen (VJV- Centrum) Plus, C-177/88 [1991] IRLR 27.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
7th Mar 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of Emir Sefic v Denmark, Communication No. 32/2003, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/66/D/32/2003 (2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
1st Aug 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of ERT Case Summary: D. S. v Sweden, Communication No. 14/1998, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/59/D/14/1998 (2001).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Sweden
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
21st Dec 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision in the case of European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) v. Italy (Complaint no. 27/2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / Italy
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / NGOs Role
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Segregation
Date
18th Oct 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision in the case of European Roma Rights Centre v Bulgaria (Complaint no. 31/2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / NGOs Role
Issues / Positive Action
Date
21st Mar 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of F. A. v Norway, Communication No. 18/2000, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/58/D/18/2000 (2001).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Norway
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
6th Aug 2007
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Fatma Yildirim (deceased) v Austria (Communication No. 6/2005.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Positive Obligations / National Action Plans
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
21st Nov 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of The European Court of Human Rights decision of Fogarty v United Kingdom (Application no. 37112/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Date
18th Mar 1991
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of G.A.C. Enkelaar v France, Communication No. 2/1989, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/39/D/2/1989 (1991).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
6th Dec 2007
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the Indian Court of Appeal decision in the case of Garg and others v. Hotel Association of India & National Capital Territory of Delhi Appeal (civil) 5657 of 2007.
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / India
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
16th Jul 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Seventy-second session decision of Gobin Vishwadeo v Mauritius, Communication no 787/1997, UN Doc. CCPR/C/72/D/787/1997 (2001).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Mauritius
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
3rd Apr 1989
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Thirty-Fifth session, decision of Ibrahima Gueye et al. v France, Communication No. 196/1985, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/35/D/196/1985 (1989).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Social Dialogue
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
7th Nov 2003
Summary
This is the ERT case summary in the European Committee of Social Rights decision in the case of International Association Autism-Europe (IAAE) v France (Complaint no. 13/2002).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Positive Action
Date
3rd Nov 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision of International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH) v France (Complaint no. 14/2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
30th Mar 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, eightieth session, decision of Isabel Hoyos Martínez de Irujo v Spain, Communication No. 1008/2001, U.N. Doc. CPR/C/80/D/1008/2001 (2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
31st Mar 1981
Summary
This is the ERT Case Summary of the United Kingdom's Employment Appeal Tribunal decision of Jenkins v Kingsgate (Clothing Productions) Ltd (No 2) [1981] IRLR 388.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Date
25th Mar 2003
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Seventy-seven session, decision of John K. Love et al. v Australia, Communication No. 983/2001, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/77/D/983/2001 (2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
6th Mar 2003
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice decision in the case of Kaba v Secretary of State for the Home Department (No 2), C-466/00.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
17th Oct 1995
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from Germany, decision of Kalanke v Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Case C-450/93 [1995] IRLR 660.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Positive Action
Date
23rd Oct 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of Kamal Quereshi v Denmark Communication No. 27/2002 U.N. Doc. CERD/C/63/D/27/2002 (2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Incitement
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
6th Jul 2000
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from Sweden, decision of Katarina Abrahamsson and Leif Anderson v Elisabet Fogelqvist Case C-407/98.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Sweden
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Date
9th Sept 1999
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from Germany, decision of Kruger v Kreiskrankenhaus Ebersberg, Case C-281/97 [1999] IRLR 808.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
7th Mar 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision L. R. et al. v Slovakia, Communication No. 31/2003, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/66/D/31/2003 (2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovakia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
23rd Oct 1992
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Forty-sixth session, decision of Lahcen B. M. Oulajin and Mohamed Kaiss v Netherlands, Communication No. 426/1990, UN Doc. CCPR/C/46/D/426/1990 (1992).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
15th Jul 1994
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Lannooij Neefs v. The Netherlands, Communication No. 425/1990, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/51/D/425/1990 (1994).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
17th Feb 1998
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from the Southampton Employmnent Tribuanl of the United Kingdom, of Lisa Jacqueline Grant v South-West Trains Ltd, Case C-249/96 [1998] ECR I-621.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
15th Jul 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Manuel Wackenheim v France, Communication No 854/1999, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/75/D/854/1999 (2002).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Social equality and equal rights
Date
11th Nov 1997
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from Germany, decision of Marschall v Land Nordrhein- Westfalen, Case C-409/95 [1997] ECR I-6363.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Date
30th Mar 2000
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from State Constitutional Court of the Land of Hesse (Sweden), decision of Mary Brown v Rentokil Limited, C-394/96 [1998] IRLR 445.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Sweden
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Date
22nd Dec 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision of Merger and Cross v France (Application no. 68864/01).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
9th Aug 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committe on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of Miroslav Lacko v Slovak, Republic, Petition No. 11/1998, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/59/D/11/1998 (2001).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovakia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
9th Dec 1999
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the Nigerian Court of Appeal, Enugu Division, decision of Mojekwu & others v Ejikeme & others (2000) 5 NWLR 402.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Nigeria
Issues
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
6th Aug 2003
Summary
This is the ERt case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Mr Edward Young v Australia, Communication No. 941/2000, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/78/D/941/2000 (2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
1st Nov 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Eighty-fifth session, decision of Mr Zdenìk Køíž v Czech Republic, Communication No. 1054/2002, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/85/D/1054/2002 (2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Czech Republic
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
14th Jul 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Ms. B.-J. v Germany (Communication No. 1/2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
22nd Jan 2007
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Ms. Constance Ragan Salgado v UK (Communication No. 11/2006).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
14th Aug 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Ms. Dung Thi Thuy Nguyen v The Netherlands (Communication No. 3/2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
17th Jul 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Ms. Juliet Joslin et al. v New Zealand, Communication No. 902/1999, U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / New Zealand
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
| ERT Case Summary: Ms. K. R. C. v Denmark, Communication No. 23/2002, U.N. Doc. A/57/18 at 134 (2002) |  |
Date
13th Aug 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of Ms. K. R. C. v Denmark, Communication No. 23/2002, U.N. Doc. A/57/18 at 134 (2002).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
13th Mar 2002
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of Ms. M. B. v Denmark, Communication No. 20/2000, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/60/D/20/2000 (2002).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Date
30th May 2007
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of N.S.F. v UK (Communication No. 10/2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
6th Jul 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Nachova v Bulgaria (Application nos. 43577/98 & 43579/98).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Date
21st Mar 2003
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination decision of Nikolas Regerat et al. v France, Communication No. 24/2002, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/62/D/24/2002 (2003).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
23rd Feb 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision of Ognyanova and Choban v Bulgaria, (Application no. 46317/99).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
9th Jun 2009
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights' judgement in the case of Opuz v. Turkey
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Geographical Location / S - U / Turkey
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
30th Apr 1996
Summary
This is the ERT case summary in the European Court of Justice decision in the case of P v. S and Cornwall County Council, Case C-13/94, [1996] IRLR 347.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
26th Jul 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Eighty-fourth session, decision of Peter Michael Queenan v Canada, Communication No. 1379/2005, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/84/D/1379/2005 (2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Canada
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
27th Mar 1998
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Petrovic v Austria (Application no. 20458/92).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
29th Apr 2002
Summary
This is the ERT Case Summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Pretty v UK (Application no. 2346/02).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
9th Feb 1999
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), referred from the UK's House of Lords, decision of R v Secretary of State for Employment, ex parte Seymour Smith, Case C-167/97 [1999] 2 AC 554.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
5th Nov 1987
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of R. T. Z. v The Netherlands, Communication No. 245/1987, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/OP/2 at 73 (1990).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
1st Apr 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of R.P.C.W.M. Brandsma v Netherlands, Communication No. 977/2001, U.N.Doc. CCPR/C/80/D/977/2001 (2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
27th Jan 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Rahime Kayhan v Turkey (Communication No. 8/2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Turkey
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
23rd Apr 1996
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Remli v France (Application no. 16839/90).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Date
17th Jul 2008
Summary
This is the ERT Case Summary for the European Court of S. Coleman v. Attridge Law and Steve Law Case C-303/06
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Date
9th Apr 1997
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Twenty-ninth session, decision of S. W. M. Brooks v Netherlands, Communication No. 172/1984: Netherlands. 09/04/87. CCPR/C/29/D/172/1984.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Date
26th Feb 2008
Summary
ERT Case Summary Sabine Mayr v. Bäckerei und Konditorei Gerhard Flöckner OHG: European Court of Justice
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Date
6th Aug 2007
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women decision of Sahide Goekce (deceased) v Austria (Communication No. 6/2005).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Positive Obligations / National Action Plans
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
5th Jun 2008
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case Sampanis and Others v. Greece (application no. 32526/05).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Greece
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
10th Aug 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision of Sarwar Seliman Mostafa v Denmark, Communication No. 19/2000, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/59/D/19/2000 (2001).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
24th Jul 2001
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Seventy-eighth session decision of Sergei Anatolievich Cheban et al v The Russian Federation, Communication No. 790/1997, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/72/D/790/1997 (2001).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Russian Federation
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Indirect Discrimination
Date
4th Mar 2008
Summary
ERT case summary: Stoica v. Romania (Application no. 42722/02)
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Romania
Issues
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
1st Jul 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision of Syndicat des Agrégés de l’Enseignement Supérieur (SAGES) v France (Complaint no. 26/2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
| ERT Case Summary: Syndicat national des dermato-vénérologues (SNDV) v France (Complaint no. 28/2004) | |
Date
13th Jun 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision of Syndicat national des dermato-vénérologues (SNDV) v France (Complaint no. 28/2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
10th Oct 2000
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision of Syndicat national des professions du tourisme v France (Complaint no. 6/1999).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
20th Nov 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Committee of Social Rights decision of Syndicat SUD Travail Affaires Sociales v France (Complaint no. 24/2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
11th Jan 2000
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), reference for a preliminary ruling from the Administrative Court of Germany, decision of Tanja Kreil v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-285/98.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
5th Mar 2009
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Justice decision of the Incorporated Trustees of the National Council on Ageing (Age Concern England) v. Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Exceptions
Date
6th Apr 2000
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Thlimmenos v Greece (Application no. 34369/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Greece
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
31st Mar 1994
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision of Toonen v Australia, Communication No. 488/1992, U.N. Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 (1994).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
19th Apr 2006
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision of United Macedonian Organisation v Bulgaria (Application no. 59491/00).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
21st Feb 1997
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision of Van Raalte v Netherlands, (Application no. 20060/92).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
13th Aug 1997
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the Indian Supreme Court decision of Vishaka and others v. State of Rajasthan and others (1997) 6 SCC 241, AIR 1997 SC 3011, (1998) BHRC 261, (1997) 3 LRC 361, (1997) 2 CHRLD 202.
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / India
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Victimisation
Date
26th Jul 2004
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Eighty-first session decision of Vjatšeslav Borzov v Estonia, Communication No. 1136/2002, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/81/D/1136/2002 (2004).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Estonia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
26th May 2005
Summary
This is the ERT case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision of Wolfmeyer v Austria, (Application no. 5263/03).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
27th Jan 2010
Summary
This is an expert opinion on Article 16 (Equality of Rights) of the Moldovan Constitution which was sent to the Acting President Ghimpu of the Republic of Moldova. This opinion urges the Commission on Constitutional Reform to amend Article 16 of the Constitution to make it consistent with Moldova's international human rights obligations.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Moldova
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Date
9th Dec 2009
Summary
The Equal Rights Trust (ERT) has submitted a legal brief to Ugandan President Yowere Museveni outlining how adoption of the Anti-Homosexuality Bill currently being debated would breach both Uganda’s Constitution and its international treaty obligations.
ERT’s submission calls on President Museveni and Ugandan parliamentarians to reject the Bill in its entirety, and to review the constitutionality of section 145 of the Ugandan Penal Code, which is currently used to prosecute homosexual conduct.
The 23-page submission by The Equal Rights Trust focuses solely on the rights to equality and non-discrimination, providing a detailed analysis of the way in which the proposed Bill would affect the enjoyment of these rights. ERT argues that protection from discrimination provided by the Constitution of Uganda includes protection on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. It further argues that the Bill does not comply with the Constitution’s own provisions for restricting fundamental rights. In the second part of the submission, ERT turns to questions of compliance with international law from the point of view of equality and non-discrimination.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Uganda
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
4th Feb 2009
Summary
This legal mapping paper has been produced as part of an Equal Rights Trust (ERT) project to document the detention or restriction of stateless persons. It explores and critiques the legal protection available to stateless persons whose liberty has been unduly constrained.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
20th Feb 2009
Summary
This is the ERT letter sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-Moon, appealing for him to endorse the Declaration of Principles on Equality on the World Day of Social Justice.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Development and Equal Rights
Date
22nd Jul 2008
Summary
This is The Equal Rights Trust’s Non-Discrimination and Equality Standards Compendium. The Compendium has been developed as an information and educational resource to guide lawyers, policy makers and human rights activists working to promote the right to equality and non-discrimination.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Exceptions
Issues / Reasonable Accommodation
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Specialised Bodies
Issues / Development and Equal Rights
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / The unified perspective on equality
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Incitement
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Segregation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Environment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Social equality and equal rights
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Indirect Discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Good Practices
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / NGOs Role
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Public Education (Dissemination of Information)
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Sanctions
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Social Dialogue
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Statistics on discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Issues / Positive Obligations / National Action Plans
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Victimisation
Date
4th Feb 2009
Summary
This paper has been produced as part of an Equal Rights Trust (ERT) project to document the detention or restriction of stateless persons. Its purpose is to explore how a lack of effective nationality can impact on the right to be free from arbitrary detention or restriction of liberty. The paper highlights how stateless persons in a number of countries appear at risk of arbitrary detention.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
8th Nov 2007
Summary
On 8 November 2007 The Equal Rights Trust call on Janez Janša, the Slovenian Prime Minister, to recall the Draft Constitutional Law, presented to the Parliament on 30 October, which is intended to resolve the status of the “erased” – people unlawfully removed from the registry of permanent residents in 1992. ERT urged Slovenian government to introduce instead legislation that is in line with international human rights law and the relevant decisions of the Slovenian Constitutional Court.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovenia
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
15th Oct 2007
Summary
Makuc and Others v. Slovenia (Application No. 26828/06)
WRITTEN COMMENTS OF THE EQUAL RIGHTS TRUST
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovenia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Positive Action
Date
15th Oct 2007
Summary
The Equal Rights Trust's written comments to the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Makuc and Others v. Slovenia (Application No. 26828/06)
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovenia
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
10th Oct 2007
Summary
Equal Rights Trust and International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights: Joint statement to the OSCE 2007 Human Dimension Implementation Meeting.
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / Kazakhstan
Geographical Location / S - U / Tajikistan
Geographical Location / S - U / Turkmenistan
Geographical Location / I - L / Kyrgyzstan
Geographical Location / S - U / Uzbekistan
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
5th Jun 2009
Summary
This is ERT's consultation response to to the United Kingdom Government Equalities Office consultation on the paper "Equality Bill: Assessing the impact of a multiple discrimination provision."
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Date
29th Jun 2000
Summary
Text of the European Union's "Race" Directive.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Victimisation
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Direct Discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Evidence and Proof / Proving Indirect Discrimination
Date
27th Nov 2000
Summary
This directive prohibits employment discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Article 2 prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination and defines harassment as amounting to discrimination. Articles 4-6 provide for exceptions to the principle of equal treatment. Other key provisions of the directive include shifting of the burden of proof and the prohibition of victimisation. Article 15 acknowledges the particular situation obtaining in Northern Ireland and provides that steps taken to correct the imbalance in the number of teachers and police personnel from the underrepresented religious group will not constitute discrimination to the extent that it is expressly provided for in the national legislation.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Reasonable Accommodation
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Victimisation
Date
19th Oct 1992
Summary
Under Article 4 of this directive, employers are expected to carry out an assessment of the nature, degree and duration of exposure to agents, processes or working conditions in activities where there is a risk of exposure to them. The European Commission is charged with drawing up guidelines for the assessment in consultation with the member states. Under Article 6, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should not be obliged to perform work which risks exposure to agents listed in Annex II, Section A and Annex II, Section B respectively of the Directive. The Directive also calls on member states to ensure that breastfeeding mothers and pregnant women are not forced to perform night work.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
7th Dec 2000
Summary
This document outlines the basic principles and freedoms of the European Union. Chapter III, Equality, is particularly relevant. Article 21(1) provides that "any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, color, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited." There are also specific provisions with respect to the disabled (Article 26), the elderly (Article 25), the rights of children (Article 24) and for equality between men and women (Article 23). The EU proclaimed it on December 7, 2000 in Nice.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
19th Oct 1992
Summary
Under Article 4 of this directive, employers are expected to carry out an assessment of the nature, degree and duration of exposure to agents, processes or working conditions in activities where there is a risk of exposure to them. The European Commission is charged with drawing up guidelines for the assessment in consultation with the member states. Under Article 6, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should not be obliged to perform work which risks exposure to agents listed in Annex II, Section A and Annex II, Section B respectively of the Directive. The Directive also calls on member states to ensure that breastfeeding mothers and pregnant women are not forced to perform night work.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
10th Feb 1975
Summary
Article 1 of this directive provides that the principle of "principle of equal pay" in Article 119 of the EC Treaty means "for the same work or for work to which equal value is attributed, the elimination of all discrimination on grounds of sex with regard to all aspects and conditions of remuneration." It requires member states to ensure that the national legislation give effect to this principle and provide a mechanism for redress where the principle has been violated (Articles 2 and 3). Under Article 5, member states are required to protect employees from victimization by employers for taking action to enforce the principle.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
9th Feb 1976
Summary
This directive prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sex, particularly with reference to marital or family status in employment, including access to employment, promotion, vocational training and working conditions. The Directive does not apply to occupational activities (including training for these activities) where "by reason of their nature or the context in which they are carried out, the sex of the worker constitutes a determining factor" (Article 2(2)). It is also without prejudice to steps intended to protect women's rights during pregnancy and maternity (Article 2(3)). Article 2(4) lays down that the Directive will not affect measures taken to promote equal opportunity, by removing barriers that affect women's employment opportunities.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
19th Nov 1978
Summary
The Directive applies to statutory social security schemes (set out in Article 1). Article 4 prohibits both direct and indirect discrimination, in particular with reference to family or marital status with respect to the scope of the schemes and the conditions for accessing them. It specifies that measures for the protection of women on the ground of maternity shall not be affected by the principle of equal treatment.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
24th Jul 1986
Summary
Under Article 3, the persons to whom this directive includes "members of the working population including self-employed persons, persons whose activity is interrupted by illness, maternity, accident or involuntary unemployment and persons seeking employment, and to retired and disabled workers." Article 4 refers to the kinds of schemes to which this directive applies. Articles 5 and 6 elaborate on the principle of equal treatment, referring, inter alia, to particular practices that are prohibited.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
3rd Jun 1996
Summary
This directive puts into effect a general cross-industry agreement on parental leave and leave on the ground of force majeure that was concluded by industry organizations (UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC) on 14 December 1995. The organisations requested the European Union to make the minimum requirements of the agreement binding on the Member States. The agreement provides that subject to some conditions, workers are entitled to parental leave and to take time off from work in on grounds of force majeure for pressing family reasons due to sickness or accident necessitating the immediate presence of the worker.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
20th Dec 1996
Summary
Following upon some decisions of the European Court of Justice, this directive amends EU Directive 86/378/EEC.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
15th Dec 1997
Summary
Council Directive 97/75/EC of 15 December 1997 amending and extending, to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Directive 96/34/EC on the framework agreement on parental leave concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
15th Dec 1997
Summary
Council Directive 97/75/EC of 15 December 1997 amending and extending, to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Directive 96/34/EC on the framework agreement on parental leave concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
29th Apr 2004
Summary
This paper discusses the importance of the EU Directive on Free Movement (Directive 2004/58/EC) within the context of same-sex families in the European Union. The paper conveys key points of the document and pays particular attention to Articles 2 and 3 of the Directive, which identify family members to whom the Directive may be applied. Also, the paper provides a set of guidelines for the implementation of the Directive, emphasizing the requirement of non-discrimination and making references to several court cases that improve LGBT rights and challenge the meanings of words such as “spouse” and “partnership.” Finally, the paper addresses issues that may concern married, registered, and unmarried same-sex couples, as well as transgender individuals and their children and families, and makes a number of suggestions to ensure that national legislation complies with the Directive.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
1st Mar 1998
Summary
The objective of this treaty is to promote multilingualism and thereby greater unity and social cohesion in states that are party to the treaty. Article 7(2) of the Convention requires state parties "to eliminate...any unjustified distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference relating to the use of a regional or minority language and intended to discourage or endanger the maintenance or development of it." It goes on to specify that any special measure taken to "promote equality between the users of these languages and the rest of the population or which take due account of their specific conditions is not considered to be an act of discrimination against the users of more widely-used languages." Part III of the Treaty is organized thematically, laying out the measures to be taken in different fields. Part IV of the Treaty sets up a monitoring mechanism.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
4th Oct 1996
Summary
This recommendation calls on states to adopt legislative, policy and judicial measures against racism and related prejudices. Measures include defining offences with a racist overtone as specific offences, collecting and publishing data on racist incidents, including information on the number of cases that are prosecuted, the reasons for not prosecuting cases and the results of cases prosecuted, adopting policies that promote the value of cultural diversity, promoting recruitment to public services from minority groups, and ensuring non-discriminatory access to public services such as health care, social services, etc.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
13th Jun 1997
Summary
This recommendation calls on states to establish specialised bodies to combat racism and related forms of prejudice. The appendix to the Recommendation has sections on the terms of reference, functions and style of operation of these bodies.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Specialised Bodies
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
6th Mar 1998
Summary
This recommendation calls on member states to effectively deal with racism against the Romani minority through legislative and policy measures. These include measures directed towards combating the prejudices of public service and media personnel. The Recommendation stresses the importance of the participation of Romani individuals in decision-making.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Date
6th Mar 1998
Summary
This recommendation calls on governments to undertake national surveys on how people belonging to marginalised communities perceive discrimination in their lives so as to gain an understanding of the problems of racism and intolerance from the perspective of the people affected by it.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Statistics on discrimination
Date
16th Mar 2000
Summary
This recommendation calls on member states to adopt legislation and policies to combat discrimination against Muslims in employment, education, access to citizenship and worship. It specifically recommends that "curricula in schools and higher education... not base their portrayal of Islam on perceptions of hostility and menace."
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
15th Dec 2000
Summary
This recommendation calls on member states to combat the online circulation of racist material through the adoption of national legislation, international cooperation, awareness-raising activities particularly among young internet users and supporting self-regulatory measures taken by the internet industry.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
13th Dec 2002
Summary
This recommendation calls on member states to combat racism through legislation by adopting specific legal provisions in the constitution, civil and criminal laws. Another proposal relates to the establishment of a specialised body charged with combating racial discrimination through monitoring executive and legislative action, providing support to victims of racism and participating in legal proceedings to challenge racism.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Specialised Bodies
Date
17th Mar 2004
Summary
This recommendation calls on member states to ensure that anti-terrorism measures are adopted and implemented in a manner that is non-discriminatory. In particular, it proposes that the "right not to be subject to racial discrimination" should be "among the rights from which no derogation may be made even in time of emergency."
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
25th Jun 2004
Summary
This recommendation calls on member states to give high priority to combating antisemitism through effective use of criminal laws, introduction of anti-racist education and Jewish history in the school curriculum and encouraging debate among media professionals on their responsibilities in fighting antisemitism.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Public Education (Dissemination of Information)
Date
1st May 2004
Summary
This Green Paper on "Equality and non-discrimination in an enlarged EU", adopted by the European Commission on 26 May, outlines the steps that the EU has already taken to ban discrimination in employment and beyond. It identifies areas where further action is required to ensure that people across the enlarged EU can benefit from these new rights, as well as a range of practical measures that could support the efforts of national authorities, civil society and other stakeholders. The Green Paper invites comments on a range of options for the future development of EU policy in this area.
This document is copyright protected by the European Communities, 2004.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
30th Nov 1999
Summary
The executive summary notes that "an increasing number of European companies are adopting diversity and equality strategies, not only for ethical and legal reasons but also for the business benefits they are expected to deliver." The report examines the key challenges in implementing diversity promotion and also discusses the perceived benefits of diversity. Also included are some good practice examples that have been adopted by companies in different sectors.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Good Practices
Issues / Positive Obligations / Employer policies
Date
1st Feb 2005
Summary
This is a report of the European Commission written by Professor O. De Schutter. The report "offers an overview of the protection from discrimination under the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights and the 1961 European Social Charter as well as the 1996 Revised European Social Charter, which are the main human rights treaties of the Council of Europe. The report seeks to identify aspects of that protection which could influence the outstanding questions of interpretation of Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin and Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation".
The report is protected by copyright of the European Communities 2005.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
1st Nov 2004
Summary
This report examines the situation of Roma in Europe, focusing on their access to education, employment, health, social welfare benefits and housing. The report also addresses the particular disadvantages experienced by Romani women and the traveller community and includes research findings that were conducted over a period of 10 months in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain and the United Kingdom. It examines policy issues that have an impact on the situation of Roma, such as the lack of statistical data, and calls for an EU Roma Integration Directive.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Geographical Location / A-D / Czech Republic
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Geographical Location / E-H / Greece
Geographical Location / E-H / Hungary
Geographical Location / I - L / Ireland
Geographical Location / M - R / Poland
Geographical Location / M - R / Romania
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovakia
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
1st Nov 1998
Summary
Articles 1 - 18 cover substantive rights, including the right to life, the right not to be tortured and right to freedom of expression. In addition, there are also protocols to the Convention that guarantee other substantive rights, such as the right to property (Article 1 of Protocol 1), and prohibit the collective expulsion of aliens (Article 4 of Protocol 4). Article 14 of the Convention provides that no one shall be discriminated against in their enjoyment of the rights provided under the Convention. The list of grounds is not exhaustive and the European Court of Human Rights has read Article 14 to cover grounds of discrimination that are not expressly provided for in Article 14. The main drawback of Article 14 is that its protection extends only to those rights included in the Convention.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
1st Mar 2000
Summary
This convention lays down rules and principles relating to the nationality of natural persons. Article 5 of the Convention prohibits discrimination on the ground of sex, religion, race, colour, national or ethnic origin in the rules governing nationality. It also prohibits discrimination between people who have acquired nationality upon birth and those whose have acquired nationality subsequently.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
6th Mar 2008
Summary
On 26 February 2008, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) held that articles 2(1) and 5(1) of Council Directive 76/207/EEC preclude the dismissal of a female worker who is at an advanced stage of in vitro fertilisation treatment, where it can be established that the dismissal is essentially based on the fact that the woman has undergone such treatment.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
25th Mar 1957
Summary
This is the text of the Treaty of Rome, signed on 25 March 1957. It established the European Economic Community which was a predecessor to the European Union.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
3rd May 1996
Summary
Article E in Part V provides for a general non-discrimination clause. Article 20 prohibits discrimination between men and women in employment and calls on states to give recognition to this prohibition and take steps to promote the right to equal opportunity and equal treatment. There are also specific provisions addressing the needs of certain groups, including the rights of employed women to protection of maternity (Article 8), the rights of disabled to social integration (Article 15), the rights of children and young persons to social, legal and economic protection (Article 17), the rights of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance (Article 19) and the rights of the elderly to social protection (Article 23). Additionally, Part I (under clauses 20, 15 and 18) includes the rights of the disabled to social integration and a general prohibition against discrimination on the grounds of gender and discrimination against non-nationals.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
18th Oct 1961
Summary
The European Social Charter of 1961 guarantees several social and economic rights and was intended to complement the European Convention on Human Rights. It does not have a specific provision on equal treatment or non-discrimination, however the Preamble says, "the enjoyment of social rights should be secured without discrimination on grounds of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin." Article 4(3) guarantees the principle of equal pay for work of equal value as between men and women and Article 8 guarantees protection of the rights of employed women. Under Article 15, disabled people have a right to vocational training, rehabilitation and social resettlement.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
1st Dec 1997
Summary
This paper examines the options open to the EU in preparing new legislation in this field. Drawing on the experience of sexual equality legislation at both the European and national level, the paper examines both the strengths and weaknesses of the existing anti-discrimination legislation. The paper also points out the importance of a combination of criminal and civil law remedies. Specific action against discrimination is unlikely to be sufficient unless complemented by measures to promote equal opportunities for ethnic minorities in all aspects of EU policies. The need to 'mainstream' anti-discrimination objectives has already been recognised in the field of sexual equality. The document examines the relevance of anti-discrimination to foreign policy and the enlargement of the Union, but specifically focuses on the need to incorporate equal opportunities for ethnic minorities into immigration and asylum policy.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
2nd Oct 1997
Summary
This is the full text of the Treaty of Amsterdam, signed by European Member States on 2 October 1997. It has been in force since 1 May 1999.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
24th Jan 2008
Summary
On 22 January 2008 the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) held that France violated Article 14 (right to non-discrimination) in conjunction with Article 8 (right to private and family life) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in refusing the adoption application of a lesbian woman. The case of E.B. v France began proceedings in the Strasbourg Court in 2002 following the rejection of a number of national appeals to overturn the decision of an adoption board to reject the adoption application of the applicant, E.B.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
8th May 2007
Summary
Text of the Fribourg Declaration.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
18th Jan 2010
Summary
This report is one of the outputs of a global research and advocacy project of the Equal Rights Trust (ERT) on stateless persons in detention. It highlights some of the key challenges faced by the U.S. Administration pertaining to the detention of stateless persons both in the context of immigration and national security.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / USA
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
3rd Apr 1989
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Right Committee decision in the case of Ibrahima Gueye et al. v. France.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
19th Jun 1997
Summary
This convention lays down a framework for the activities of private employment agencies. Article 1 defines the type of legal or natural person who would fall within the definition of "private employment agency". Under Article 5, state parties to the Convention are required to "ensure that private employment agencies treat workers without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin, or any other form of discrimination covered by national law and practice, such as age or disability".
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Date
15th Jun 1960
Summary
Article 1(1) defines discrimination to include "(a) any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation; (b) such other distinction, exclusion or preference which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation as may be determined by the Member concerned after consultation with representative employers' and workers' organisations, where such exist, and with other appropriate bodies." Article 5 of the Convention lays down that special measures adopted to meet the specific requirements of individuals by reason of their "sex, age, disablement, family responsibilities or social or cultural status" shall not be deemed to be discrimination."
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
18th Dec 1979
Summary
Text of the United Nations Convention
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
21st Dec 1965
Summary
Text of the United Nations Convention.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
18th Dec 1990
Summary
The aim of this Convention is to protect and promote the rights of migrant workers. Article 1 of the Convention provides that subject to the exceptions provided for therein, the Convention shall be applicable to all migrant workers and their family members without distinction on the ground of "sex, race, colour, language, religion or conviction, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, nationality, age, economic position, property, marital status, birth or other status." Several provisions of the Convention emphasize the importance of not discriminating against migrant workers on the ground of nationality (for instance see Articles 18, 25, 28, 20, 43 and 54). It was adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/158 of 18 December 1990.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
13th Dec 2006
Summary
This is the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities it was adopted on 13 December 2006 and entered into force on 3 May 2008.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Date
20th Nov 1989
Summary
Text of the United Nations Convention.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Date
16th Dec 1966
Summary
This treaty is part of the international bill of human rights and guarantees a range of civil and political rights including the freedom of expression, the right to a fair trial, the freedom of belief and the right to privacy. Article 2 provides that the rights enshrined in the Covenant shall be available to all persons without distinction on the grounds of "race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status". Article 26 of the Covenant guarantees a general right to equality and non-discrimination. It was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
16th Dec 1966
Summary
This treaty is part of the international bill of human rights. It guarantees several rights, including the right to work, the right to social security and the right to education. Under Article 2(2), the rights provided for in the Covenant should be available to all without discrimination on the ground of "race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status." Article 3 emphasizes the importance of gender equality by requiring states to "ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights set forth in the present Covenant." The Covenant was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
31st Dec 2008
Summary
The Interview - Promoting a Paradigm Shift appears in volume two of the Equal Rights Review.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Reasonable Accommodation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Date
30th Mar 2004
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of Isabel Hoyos Martínez de Irujo v. Spain.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Spain
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Positive Action
Date
31st Dec 2008
Summary
This is an article written by P. Imrana Jalal which appears in Volume Two of The Equal Rights Review.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Fiji
Geographical Location / S - U / Tonga
Geographical Location / V - Z / Vanuatu
Geographical Location / M - R / Nauru
Geographical Location / M - R / Papua New Guinea
Geographical Location / S - U / Samoa
Geographical Location / S - U / Solomon Islands
Geographical Location / S - U / Tuvalu
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
25th Mar 2003
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of John K. Love et al. v. Australia.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Positive Action
Date
13th May 2009
Summary
Appeal for a Special Session of the UN Human Rights Council on the Human Rights Situation in Sri Lanka.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Sri Lanka
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
11th Mar 2010
Summary
This is a case summary of the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case of Kozak v. Poland Application No. 13102/02. In this case the Court held that the Polish authorities’ exclusion of same-sex couples from succession could not be justified as necessary for the legitimate purpose of protection of the family and was a violation of the right to non-discrimination under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Poland
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Date
21st Apr 2004
Summary
This is a case summary of the decision of the Supreme Court of Serbia in the case of Krsmanovaca.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Serbia
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Segregation
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Victimisation
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Date
7th May 2001
Summary
This is the case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights decision in the case of Legal Resources Foundation v Zambia, Communication No. 211/98.
Countries
Geographical Location / V - Z / Zambia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Date
26th Nov 2009
Summary
A letter from the Equal Rights Trust to Commonwealth General Secretary Kamalesh Sharma expressing concern at the continuing and widespread legal discrimination against homosexuals across the Commonwealth of Nations, a situation brought into sharp focus by the introduction of an Anti-Homosexuality Bill 2009 before the parliament of Uganda in October 2009.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Uganda
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Gender Identity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
19th Oct 2009
Summary
In this letter, the Equal Rights Trust (ERT) calls on members of the National Assembly of Mali to ensure that the draft Persons and Family Code is not regressively amended in response to concerns about the extension of equal rights for women.
ERT says that ‘there is much to be welcomed in the Code’ and expresses its concern that progressive articles will be amended or removed in response to hostile pressure in recent months over the enactment of the Code. However, ERT also identifies three articles in the Code which undermine the principles of equal participation and non-discrimination, and calls for these provisions to be amended before the Code is adopted to avoid putting Mali in breach of international obligations
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Mali
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
30th Apr 2008
Summary
On 30 April 2008 The Equal Rights Trust (ERT) wrote to Jose Manuel Barroso, the President of the European Commission, regarding the Commission’s plan to draft a non-discrimination directive on the basis of Article 13 of the Amsterdam Treaty.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Multiple Discrimination
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Concepts / The unified perspective on equality
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
16th Jul 2001
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Right Committee decision in the case of Mr. Vishwadeo Gobin v. Mauritius.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Mauritius
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
1st Nov 2005
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of Mr. Zdenìk Køíž v. Czech Republic.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Czech Republic
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
17th Jul 2002
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of Juliet Joslin et al. v. New Zealand.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / New Zealand
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Positive Action
Date
13th Apr 2006
Summary
This is a case summary of the High Court of Australia's decision in the case of New South Wales v Amery.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
1st May 2005
Summary
This study is divided into three parts. Part I deals with age and the framework equality directive, Part II discusses direct and indirect discrimination and Part III addresses limitation and derogations. The author observes that, "[t]here are no fixed characteristics that define particular age groups, unlike the case in general with the other equality grounds, nor do individuals remain fixed within particular groups, nor do age-based assumptions by others about individuals of particular ages remain static" and calls for adoption of national legislation that takes this into account.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Date
15th Oct 1999
Summary
The Optional Protocol provides for a mechanism under which individuals or groups of individuals can file complaints with the CEDAW committee against states (that have ratified the optional protocol) for non-compliance with CEDAW. It was adopted by General Assembly resolution A/54/4 on 6 October 1999 and opened for signature on 10 December 1999. It entered into force on 22 December 2000.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Defence of Rights (Procedure)
Date
13th Dec 2006
Summary
Text of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Date
16th Dec 1966
Summary
The Optional Protocol sets up a mechanism by which individuals can file complaints with the Human Rights Committee against states (which have ratified the optional protocol) for non-compliance with the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Notably, the mechanism is available to all "individuals subject to the jurisdiction" of the State party rather than only citizens. It was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
19th Apr 2005
Summary
This is a case summary of the Belgian Tribual of First Instance's decision in the case of Odonnance de Référé.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
13th Apr 2003
Summary
This publication documents the statements adopted by the OSCE countries in relation to gender equality. The statements cover a wide range of subjects, including equal access to employment, eliminating violence against women, taking action against trafficking, recognising the role of women's NGOs and so on.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
8th Oct 1996
Summary
This is the case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights decision in the case of OMT v Rwanda, Communication Nos. 27/89, 46/91, 49/91 and 99/93.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Rwanda
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
27th Nov 2003
Summary
This action plan was adopted by the Permanent Council in 2003. The goal of this action plan is to ensure that Roma and Sinti play a "full and equal part" in societies in which they live and to eradicate discrimination against them. The key guiding principle for the action plan is Romani participation in policy making and implementation. It also stresses the importance of mainstreaming Romani women's issues in all the activities. The action plan is divided into several thematic areas and there are recommendations to key stake holders on issues such as combating discrimination, improving access to education and other socio-economic fields, increasing public participation and increased attention to Roma in post-crisis situations, etc. The action plan also includes activities that the Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Affairs will undertake, including creation of a database of best practices in OSCE participating states.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Good Practices
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
29th Jul 2004
Summary
This document calls on member states to enact or strengthen laws that penalise discrimination and incitement to hatred based on "race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status", consider establishing training programmes for police and judicial officials on hate crimes, collect statistics on hate crimes and report them to the ODIHR, promote intercultural dialogue between different groups and so on. The decision also calls on ODIHR to, inter alia, systematically collect best practices from across OSCE countries on preventing and responding to racism, xenophobia and intolerance.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Incitement
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Positive Action
Date
22nd Apr 2004
Summary
This document calls on member states to ensure that their legal system is free from antisemitic harassment, encourage education about antisemitism and promote remembrance and education about the holocaust, to collect and maintain statistical records on hate crimes motivated by antisemitism and so on. It calls on ODIHR to, inter alia, collect and disseminate best practices on preventing and responding to anti-Semitism.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Statistics on discrimination
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / Public Education (Dissemination of Information)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
18th Mar 2002
Summary
This is a report of an OSCE Supplementary Human Dimension meeting on violence against women that was held in Vienna in 2002. The meeting was convened to discuss violence that women experience in domestic spaces and at the hands of public authorities, such as the police and during conflict. The recommendations of the meeting focus on how discrimination against women contributes to violence against them.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
22nd Jan 2001
Summary
This publication provides an overview of the activities of the Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues (CPRSI), which is part of the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. It notes that the CPRSI addresses the marginalisation of the Romani community in the OSCE region through targeted activities (including promotion of political participation, working with UNHCR on Romani refugees and IDPs, raising the profile of issues related to Roma through representation and coordination at the international level, dealing with the specific problems of Roma in the Balkan countries) and facilitating the creation of institutional framework within member states (such as the national contact points on Romani issues) to provide advice on policy making on issues related to Roma. It also specifies that the mission of the CPRSI is to promote the involvement of Roma in all its activities.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Specialised Bodies
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
16th Mar 2010
Summary
This is a case summary of the European Court of Human Rights Grand Chamber decision of Oršuš and Others v. Croatia (Application no.15766/03).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Croatia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Date
7th Dec 2004
Summary
The Ministerial Council of the OSCE in Sofia adopted the 2004 action plan in 2004. It lays out a framework for action within OSCE institutions and by member states for promotion of gender equality. Gender mainstreaming in organisational practices and recruitment to OSCE, ratification of key international treaties on gender related issues by member states, preventing violence against women, promoting their participation in public and political life and increasing women's access to the economic sphere are some of the key elements of this action plan.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
11th Nov 2004
Summary
This Permanent Council decision calls on member states to prosecute violence and threats of violence motivated by racism and similar forms of prejudice on the internet. It notes that the OSCE representative on Freedom of the Media will monitor the situation in this respect in member states particularly through a system of early warning mechanisms when laws or other measures prohibiting speech motivated by prejudice are enforced on a selective basis. It also calls on member states to support studies that examine the relationship between hate speech and the commission of crimes motivated by hate against particular groups.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
13th May 2003
Summary
This is a report of a thematic Human Dimension seminar on the "Participation of Women in Public and Economic Life” that was held in Warsaw in 2003. The participants met in working groups to discuss specific themes. Some of the conclusions include calling for participation of men in the dialogue on equal participation of women, encouraging member states to get technical assistance from the ODIHR in order to make better use of the international human rights system for protection of women's rights, calling on member states to amend criminal laws to tackle trafficking effectively and consider allocating a fixed percentage of all public funds for the promotion of gender equality, working with media organizations to promote gender equality by raising awareness of the gender-bias and promoting affirmative action in employment, etc.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
23rd Oct 1992
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of Oulajin & Kaiss v. The Netherlands.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Positive Action
Date
25th Mar 2010
Summary
On 25 March 2010, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in the case of Paraskeva Todorova vs. Bulgaria (Application no. 37193/07), ruled that Bulgarian courts had discriminated against a Romani woman, by imposing an effective prison sentence and and motivating their decision to grant the supended prision sentence which was recommended by the prosecution in a way related to her ethnic origin, treating her less favourably on the basis of her Romani ethnicity.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
| Peter Michael Queenan v. Canada, Communication No. 1379/2005, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/84/D/1379/2005 (2005) | |
Date
26th Jul 2005
Summary
This is a case summery of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of Peter Michael Queenan v. Canada.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Canada
Issues
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
21st Oct 2008
Summary
This is a legal commentary by Dr. Dimitrina Petrova on the Declaration of Principles on Equality. It provides an account of the development of the Declaration and an overview of how a number of the Principles were formulated.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
19th Sept 2007
Summary
This brief article examines the concept of discrimination and various issues that have arisen from its legal application in a national and international context.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
31st Jul 2000
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of A.D.T. v. United Kingdom (Application no. 35765/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Poland
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
29th Apr 2004
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Human Rights Committe decision Arenz v. Germany (Communication No. 1138/2002: Germany. 29/04/2004. CCPR/C/80/D/1138/2002).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
3rd May 2007
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Baczkowski and Others v. Poland (Application No. 1543/06).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Poland
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
6th May 1991
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee (Communication No. 327/1988 France. 06/05/91. CCPR/C/41/D/327/1988).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
22nd Jan 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Beck, Copp and Bazeley v. United Kingdom (Applications nos. 48535/99; 48536/99; 48537/99).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
30th Jul 1993
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Human Rights Committee decision Brinkhof v. Netherlands (Communication No 402/1990: Netherlands. 30/07/93.CCPR/C/48/D/402/1990).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
11th Apr 1988
Summary
This is the case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee case of Cadoret and Le Bihan v. France (Communication No. 323/1988: France. 11/04/91.
CCPR/C/41/D/323/1988).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
3rd Oct 2000
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Camp and Bourimi v. Netherlands (Application no. 28369/95).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
27th Jun 2000
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Cha'are Shalom Ve Tsedek v. France (Application no. 27417/95).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
7th Feb 2006
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case D.H. and others v. Czech Republic (Application No. 57325/00) (Chamber decision).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Czech Republic
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Segregation
Date
19th Jun 2002
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case Devenney v. United Kingdom (Application no.24265/94).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
30th Oct 2001
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Devlin v. United Kingdom (Application no. 29545/95).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
10th May 1991
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision Diop v. France (Communication No. 2/1989: France. 10/05/91 CERD/C/39/D/2/1989).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
26th Feb 2002
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the ECHR case of Frette v France (Application no. 36515/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
26th Jul 2002
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Human Rights Committee Communication Gillot et al v. France (Communication No 932/2000 France. 26/07/2002.CCPR/C/75/D/932/2000.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
23rd Nov 1989
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Human Rights Committee decision H. A. E. d. J. v. Netherlands Communication No. 297/1988:Netherlands. 23/11/89.CCPR/C/37/D/297/1988).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
6th Apr 1999
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Commitee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision Habassi v. Denmark (Communication No 10/1997: Denmark. 06/04/99CERD/C/54/D/10/1997).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
4th Aug 2001
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Hugh Jordan v. United Kingdom (Application no. 24746/94).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
31st Jul 2001
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee case of Ignatane v. Latvia (Communication No. 884/1999 Latvia. 31/07/2001. CCPR/C/72/D/884/1999).
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / Latvia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
28th Oct 1987
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case Inze v. Austria (Application no. 8695/79).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
24th Nov 2005
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Ivanov and Others v. Bulgaria (Application No. 46336/99).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Date
18th Jul 1994
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Karlheinz Schmidt v. Germany (Application no. 13580/88).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Germany
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Date
4th Aug 2001
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of
Kelly and Others v. United Kingdom (Application no. 30054/96).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
1st Nov 2000
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decision Koptova v. Slovakia (Communication No 13/1998: Slovakia. 01/11/2000CERD/C/57/D/13/1998).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Slovakia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
9th Jan 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of L. and V. v. Austria (Applications nos. 39392/98 and 39829/98).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
4th May 2001
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case McKerr v. United Kingdom (Application no. 28883/95).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
20th Aug 2002
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case McShane v. United Kingdom (Application no.43290/98).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
22nd Dec 2004
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Merger and Cros v. France (Application no. 68864/01).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / France
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
22nd Apr 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Modinos v. Cyprus (Application No. 15070/89).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Cyprus
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
18th Feb 1991
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Moustaquim v. Belgium (Application No. 12313/86).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Belgium
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
26th Oct 1998
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Norris v. Ireland (Application No. 10581/83).
Countries
Geographical Location / I - L / Ireland
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
16th Feb 2006
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case Osman v. Bulgaria (Application No. 43233/98).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Housing
Date
22nd Jan 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Perkins and R. v. United Kingdom (Applications nos. 43208/98; 44875/98).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
28th Nov 1984
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Rasmussen v. Denmark (Application No. 8777/79).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Denmark
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
9th Jan 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of S. L. v. Austria (Application no. 45330/99).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Austria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
21st Nov 1999
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Salgueiro Da Silva Mouta v. Portugal (Application no. 33290/96).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Portugal
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
4th May 2001
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Shanaghan v. United Kingdom (Application no. 37715/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
31st Mar 2009
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Supreme Holy Council of the Muslim Community v. Bulgaria (Application No. 39023/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
16th Dec 1997
Summary
This is the PILI sase summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of The Canea Catholic Church v. Greece (Application no. 25528/94).
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Greece
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
18th May 2000
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Velikova v. Bulgaria (Application No. 41488/98).
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Bulgaria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
10th Dec 2002
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Waite v. United Kingdom (Application no.53236/99).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
4th Jun 2002
Summary
This is the case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Wessels-Bergervoet v. The Netherlands (Application no. 34462/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
11th Jun 2002
Summary
This is the PILI case summary of the European Court of Human Rights case of Willis v. United Kingdom (Application no. 36042/97).
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / United Kingdom
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
2nd Jul 2008
Summary
This is the European Commission proposal for a Council Directive to implement the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation. The proposed Council Directive will build upon Council Directive 2000/78/EC (The Employment Equality Directive) and will extend the protection from discrimination for millions of people across the European Union in areas including social security, healthcare, education and access to and supply of goods and services.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / European Union
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Harassment
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Victimisation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Date
21st Oct 1991
Summary
This protocol amends provisions of the European Social Charter relating to monitoring state compliance with the Charter.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Date
4th Nov 2000
Summary
Protocol 12 extends the guarantee of non-discrimination in Article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights (which is limited to the rights provided for in the Convention) to "any right set forth by law."
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
29th May 2003
Summary
This is the case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights decision in the case of Purohit and Moore v. The Gambia, Communication No. 241/2001.
Countries
Geographical Location / E-H / Gambia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
11th Nov 2003
Summary
This is a case summary of the High Court of Australia's decision in the case of Purvis v New South Wales.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
19th Mar 1998
Summary
This is a case summary of the High Court of Australia's decision in the case of Qantas Airways Ltd v Christie.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
3rd Dec 1998
Summary
This is a case summary of the High Court of Australia's decision in th case of Re East; Ex parte Nguyen.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Australia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
24th Oct 1997
Summary
This is a case summary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the case of Recontre Africane pour la Defense des Droits de l'Homme v. Zambia.
Countries
Geographical Location / V - Z / Zambia
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Other Discrimination Areas
Date
27th Jan 2005
Summary
This ia a report on Mexico produced by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women under article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention, and reply from the Government of Mexico. It was published on 27 Janruary 2005.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Mexico
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
18th Jan 2010
Summary
This report is one of the outputs of a global research and advocacy project of the Equal Rights Trust (ERT) on stateless persons in detention. It draws attention to the plight of stateless persons in detention in the USA, focussing on immigration detention in Part One, and security detention practices in Part Two of the report.
The report's findings indicate that the U.S. system, by not addressing the unique challenges posed by statelessness, has failed its international human rights obligations both in the context of immigration detention and security detention.
The security detention regime, in particular, has been increasingly under the scrutiny of the international community, after President Obama’s pledge to close down the Guantanamo Bay facility by January 2010 – a target which, he himself has admitted, cannot be met. One of the primary reasons for this failure is that many of the remaining detainees who have been cleared for release are stateless and cannot be safely returned to their countries of habitual residence.
Countries
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
23rd Jun 2004
Summary
This is the full text (in Romanian only) of Law 272 of 21 June 2004 for the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Children enacted by the Parliament. It was adopted on 23 June 2004 and it has been in force since 1 January 2005, except the provision of Art. 17 (2), Art 19(3), Art 84, (2), Art 104 (2), Art. 105 (5), Art. 107 (2) and Art. 117, which entered into force on 26 June 2004.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Romania
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
4th May 1995
Summary
This is the full text (in Romanian only) of the Law nr. 33 of 29 April 1995 for the incorporation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) enacted by the Parliament on 29 April 1995. The law has been in force since 2 May 1995.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Romania
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Date
10th Mar 2008
Summary
On 4 March 2008 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) held that Romania had violated Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination) of the European Convention on Human Rights in conjunction with Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment). The Equal Rights Trust, on 10th March 2008, welcomed the judgement as a contribution to the complex questions of evidence and proof in Article 14 jurisprudence of the ECHR.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Romania
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
26th Mar 2010
Summary
This document outlines decisions on anti-discrimination cases in Russia.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Russian Federation
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Instruction to discriminate
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Health
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Reasonable Accommodation
Date
9th Apr 1987
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of S.W.M. Broeks v. The Netherlands.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Netherlands
Issues
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Direct discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Types of Discrimination / Indirect discrimination
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
10th Aug 1977
Summary
This is the full text, in French only, of the Criminal Code enacted by Senegal. The relevant anti-discriminatory provision was adopted on 10 August 1977 and has been in force since that date.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Senegal
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Date
24th Jul 2001
Summary
This is a case summary of the UN Human Rights Committee decision in the case of Sergei Anatolievich Cheban et al. v. The Russian Federation.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / The Russian Federation
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Date
22nd Feb 2010
Summary
This is an article by Sibongile Ndashe and Solomon Sacco entitled Watch the Courts Dance: Litigating the Right to Non-discrimination on the Ground of Sex. It was published in Volume Four of The Equal Rights Review.
Countries
Geographical Location / S - U / Tanzania
Geographical Location / V - Z / Zimbabwe
Geographical Location / M - R / Nigeria
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Date
26th Mar 2010
Summary
This document outlines the steps to present a claim on racial discrimination in the field of employment in Brazil.
Countries
Geographical Location / A-D / Brazil
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Date
26th Mar 2010
Summary
This document provides a summary of the Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Act of Nepal.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Nepal
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
15th Jan 2007
Summary
This document provides a summary of the Interim Constitution of Nepal with regard to children's rights.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Nepal
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
15th Jan 2007
Summary
This document provides a summary of the Interim Constitution of Nepal with regard to the rights of Dalits.
Countries
Geographical Location / M - R / Nepal
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Date
6th Jul 2009
Summary
The Equal Rights Review, Volume Three
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / Regional Standards
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Issues / Exceptions
Issues / Concepts / The ideas of equality and non-discrimination
Issues / Concepts / Legal definitions
Issues / Concepts / The unified perspective on equality
Issues / Positive Action
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Age
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Citizenship (nationality)
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Race and Ethnicity
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sex
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Sexual Orientation
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Religion
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Education
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Disability
Issues / Discrimination Grounds / Other Grounds
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Employment
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Criminal Justice System
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Public Services
Issues / Discrimination Areas / Social Assistance
Issues / Remedies and Enforcement / NGOs Role
Date
30th Nov 1999
Summary
Text of the Lund Recommendations.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards
Date
20th Dec 1993
Summary
Text of the Paris Principles - International Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions.
Countries
Issues
Issues / International and Regional Standards / International Standards